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As of the end of April, a total of 28,937 non-trade restrictions against Russia were in effect, with 92% of them imposed after February 2022, following the start of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, according to data from the Castellum analytical portal.
The leading initiators of sanctions are:
- United States – 7,384
- Canada – 3,639
- Switzerland – 3,266
- France – 3,266
Other active participants in sanctioning Russia include Norway, the European Union, Iceland, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, Australia, and Japan.
These sanctions target a wide range of sectors: from financial institutions and energy exports to technology imports and access to international markets. Key individuals close to the Kremlin, oligarchs, and top military officials have also been blacklisted.
Analysts note that the sheer volume and scope of these sanctions represent the most comprehensive set of punitive measures imposed on any country in modern history. While Russia has sought to adapt through import substitution and pivoting towards markets in Asia, the restrictions have contributed to structural imbalances in its economy, limited access to advanced technology, and increased reliance on resource exports.
Moreover, the continued rollout of sanctions reflects the sustained commitment of Western nations to support Ukraine and contain Russia’s military aggression. As the war drags on into its third year, experts predict further rounds of sanctions may be imposed, particularly targeting sectors still generating significant revenue for Moscow, such as energy and metals.
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